Study of amniotic fluid index and its pregnancy outcome

Background: Amniotic fluid is vital to the well-being of the fetus. Severe oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios are associated with increased maternal morbidity and perinatal morbidity and mortality.Methods: This was prospective observational study conducted at tertiary teaching institute from July 2012 to July 2013. Total 200 patients were included in the study. On the basis of amniotic fluid index (AFI), patients were categorized in 3 groups, Normal AFI (8-24 cm), oligohydramnios (AFI = 25 cm). Results were analysed in the form of incidence, mode of delivery and perinatal outcome which includes preterm, low birth weight, still births, NICU admissions and neonatal deaths in all the 3 groups.Results: Out of 200 patients, there was 150 cases of normal AFI, 39 cases of oligohydramnios and 11 cases of polyhydramnios. Incidence of oligohydramnios was 4.1% and polyhydramnios was 1.1%. PIH was the most common etiological factor found in oligohydramnios (30.7%) and in polyhydramnios congenital anomalies (36.3%) followed by idiopathic cause (27.2%) was most common. Incidence of caesarean section was 58.9% in oligohydarmnios and 17.3% in normal AFI group. Incidence of NICU admission was 25.6% in oligohydramnios and 50% in polyhydramnios group in comparison to 9.3% in normal AFI group.Conclusions: Amniotic fluid index is an important part of antepartum fetal surveillance. Abnormalities of AFI are associated with high perinatal morbidity and mortality and maternal morbidity

Edge Vertex Prime Labeling for K2,n and K3,n Graphs

In my study, I inspect edge vertex prime labeling of some graphs like complete bipartite graphs K2,n & K 3,n . I proved that the graphs K 2,n for every n & K 3,n for n = 3, 4, …, 29 are edge vertex prime

A highly-ionized absorber as a new explanation for the spectral changes during dips from X-ray binaries

Until now, the spectral changes observed from persistent to dipping intervals in dipping low-mass X-ray binaries were explained by invoking progressive and partial covering of an extended emission region. Here, we propose a novel and simpler way to explain these spectral changes, which does not require any partial covering and hence any extended corona, and further has the advantage of explaining self-consistently the spectral changes both in the continuum and the narrow absorption lines that are now revealed by XMM-Newton. In 4U 1323-62, we detect Fe XXV and Fe XXVI absorption lines and model them for the first time by including a complete photo-ionized absorber model rather than individual Gaussian profiles. We demonstrate that the spectral changes both in the continuum and the lines can be simply modeled by variations in the properties of the ionized absorber. From persistent to dipping the photo-ionization parameter decreases while the equivalent hydrogen column density of the ionized absorber increases. In a recent work (see Diaz Trigo et al. in these proceedings), we show that our new approach can be successfully applied to all the other dipping sources that have been observed by XMM-Newton.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, to appear in the proceedings of "The X-ray Universe 2005", San Lorenzo de El Escorial (Spain), 26-30 September 200

Changing Socio Economic Status and Role of Urban Working Women [With Rference to Selected Towns of Junagadh District]

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